Residual life prediction for marine diesel turbocharger based on Wiener process北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对船舶柴油机增压器难以收集到全生命周期性能退化数据的问题,提出一种基于维纳过程的寿命预测模型。[方法]首先,采用K-Means模型对增压器实际运行工况进行聚类,提取出典型工况数据;然后,使用贝叶斯突变点检测模型识别增压器的缺陷点;最后,建立基于维纳过程的退化模型,并以某型船用柴油机增压器为应用对象,预测增压器的剩余使用寿命。[结果]结果显示,基于维纳过程的寿命预测方法能够在不需要同类设备历史退化数据的情况下对增压器的剩余寿命进行预测。[结论]所提方法对缺少故障样本的船舶柴油机增压器寿命预测具有一定的参考价值。     

Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine intake and exhaust system based on dynamic feature fusion北大核心CSCD

[目的]船舶系统由多设备的复杂机构组成,各组件参数具有动态性和非线性的特点,所以故障诊断过程复杂。为提高诊断效率,提出一种动态特征融合方法。[方法]利用分形理论、动态理论及核主元分析(KPCA)法对系统状态数据进行重构、映射及筛选,得到主元特征数据矩阵,求得平方预测误差(SPE)及相应的控制限,构建出基于船舶柴油机进排气系统健康数据的离线监测模型,利用该模型对系统进行故障诊断分析。为验证模型的有效性,选取某船舶柴油机进排气系统的故障数据进行验证分析。[结果]结果表明,动态特征融合分析方法可有效实现对系统动态非线性状态数据的精确分析,实现对系统故障的高效分析和诊断。与KPCA及支持向量机(SVM)方法相比,所提方法具有更好的故障诊断性能。[结论]该方法可实现船舶柴油机进排气系统故障的检测和诊断,提升系统运行的可靠性和安全性。     

某中压交流电力推进系统变频器的设计论证

电力推进动力系统是船舶主推进系统的一个重要方向和发展趋势,变频器作为控制电机性能的关键设备,决定了其动态、稳态特性,并影响船体操纵性能。文章介绍了某5000吨级公务船的使命任务、船型构造和电力系统的组成,接着对12脉冲变频器和AFE变频器的原理进行了阐述,最后从设备配置、成本价格、谐波控制和可靠性的角度分析了两者的差异,结合本船实际情况选择了AFE变频器。对于电力推进船舶主推进系统的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

叠船整机运输与滚装工艺在电厂码头的应用

针对发运码头与用户码头高差过大导致无法选择合适船型进行卸船机整机运输与滚装上岸的难题,选择驳船与半潜船相结合的方式,以“叠船”方案进行卸船机整机滚装上岸。合理确定卸船机运输及上岸船型、现场施工方法及工艺要点等,并对过桥梁进行有限元分析。结果表明,过桥梁的应力和挠度满足使用要求;“叠船”方案实现卸船机整机海上运输及滚装上岸流程的规范化与安全化。     

适用船舶自流冷却系统中冷却器的工程设计研究

针对船舶自流冷却系统对冷却器要求的特点,对各种间壁式换热器的优缺点进行了分析,并结合热工理论计算,确定了冷却器宜采用小管径换热管的钛合金管壳式换热器,获得了小管径换热管数量与不同航速、冷却流体流动状态的设计关系,且基于热工计算结果表明了结构优化方向。采用 CFD技术对两管程流体流场进行了数值模拟优化分析,获得了后端管箱封头a/b的最佳值。实船工程试验结果验证了本文分析设计和优化方法的可靠性。     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

基于有限元模型的船用螺旋桨桨叶应力分析

采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件建立静止域(舵、导管及船体)和旋转域(螺旋桨)的三维几何模型,在螺旋桨流场内求解雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS),由此对船用螺旋桨产生的推力和转矩特性进行数值模拟。对比分析在压载工况和满载工况下螺旋桨桨叶的压力分布、沿不同轴的受力情况和绕不同轴的转矩情况,为轴系弹性校中提供更加准确可靠的应力情况,对船用螺旋桨的生产设计提供有益的参考。     

Bend stiffener linear viscoelastic thermo-mechanical analysis. Part I — Experimental characterization and mathematical formulation

Bend stiffeners are subjected to cyclic loading during offshore operation or when subjected to a controlled full-scale qualification test. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the polyurethane, energy is dissipated within the material volume and the structure may experience a temperature increase, a phenomenon known as self-heating. The top connection is a flexible riser critical region in terms of fatigue, being the bend stiffener the main responsible for curvature control. As the curvature distribution is highly affected by the nonlinear time–temperature bend stiffener response, a detailed thermo-mechanical assessment may become relevant for riser lifetime and polyurethane material failure assessment, specially during accelerated full-scale tests. In the present paper (Part I), the polyurethane experimental characterization and steady-state thermo-mechanical mathematical formulation are presented for the bend stiffener self-heating assessment. A steady-state formulation is derived for a temperature dependent linear viscoelastic large deflection beam model to estimate the heat generation during harmonic tip loading. The temperature field distribution is calculated through a three-dimensional steady-state thermal model considering the viscoelastic heat calculated from the mechanical model with an iterative scheme. Stress relaxation tests are performed at different temperatures to determine the viscoelastic properties followed by thermal properties characterization through differential scanning calorimetry and by the Flash method to determine the specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively. In a companion paper (Part II) the iterative numerical scheme is detailed and a case study presented.     

船舶外场涂装无组织排放现状与法规分析

涂装作为造修船主要支柱环节,在人员健康、环境等的要求下,面临绿色化发展的转型升级的需求。基于船舶外场涂装作业大气污染治理的紧迫性,文章梳理了船舶涂装的现状,进而归纳及对比了国内外大气污染无组织排放的环保标准/法规,提出了船舶绿色涂装的发展建议。旨在为船舶企业提供涂装排放限值及要求相关的参考依据,降低对环境的危害,促进船舶行业的可持续发展。     

远程海事调查模式探讨

该文结合新冠肺炎疫情期间开展的两起海事调查工作,分析了在特殊情况下开展远程海事调查工作的必要性和可行性,总结了远程海事调查工作的优缺点及其适用的局限性,最后根据工作实际,对远程海事调查的应用提出了几点思考和建议。